做好这几点，防水工程不再有质量问题

Do well these points, waterproof engineering no longer have quality problems.

1、存在问题：

1, there are problems:

沿沟底或预制檐沟的接头处，屋面与天沟交接处裂缝，沟底渗漏水。

At the junction of the bottom of the ditch or the prefabricated gutter, cracks between the roof and the gutter are leaking, and the bottom of the ditch is leaking.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

天沟、檐沟的结构变形，温差变形导致裂缝，防水构造层不符合要求，水落口杯直径太小或堵塞造成溢水、漏水。

The structure of Tiangou and eaves is deformed, the temperature difference is deformed, which leads to cracks, the waterproof layer does not meet the requirements, and the diameter of water drop cup is too small or blocked to cause overflow and leakage.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

沟内防水层施工前，先检查预制天沟的接头和屋面基层结合处的灌缝是否严密和平整，水落口杯要安装好，排水坡度不宜小于 1％，沟底阴角要抹成圆弧，转角处阳角要抹成钝角，用与卷材同性质的涂膜做防水增强层，沟与屋面交接处空铺宽为200mm的卷材条，防水卷材必须铺到天沟外邦顶面。见下图做法。

Before the construction of waterproof layer in ditch, check whether the joint of prefabricated Tiangou and roof base is tightly and smoothly grouted, the water drop cup should be installed well, the drainage slope should not be less than 1%, the shade angle of ditch bottom should be smeared into an arc, the sun angle should be smeared into a blunt angle, and the film with the same quality as coil should be used as waterproof strengthening layer, and the ditch and roof should be smeared with the same quality. At the junction, the width of the strip is 200mm, and the waterproofing membrane must be laid on the top of the gutter. See the following picture.

2、存在问题：

2, there are problems:

屋面山墙、女儿墙泛水处渗漏。

Roof gables and parapet walls leak.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）材料收头构造不合理，卷材张口没有订牢，封口处未用密封材料密封或封闭不严。

1) The structure of the material end is unreasonable, the opening of the coil material is not firmly fastened, and the seal is not sealed or tightly sealed with sealing material.

2）女儿墙压顶板抹灰层开裂，雨水沿墙面进入；

2) the plastering layer of the parapet wall is cracked, and the rain enters the wall.

3）砌眉砖抹灰层开裂或后浇混凝土挑檐开裂。

3) the masonry layer cracking of the eyebrow brick or the cracking of the post poured concrete cornice.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

砖砌女儿墙高度较低时，卷材收头可直接铺至女儿墙压顶下，用金属压条钉压固定，并用密封材料封闭严密，压顶上部抹灰放坡端部抹鹰嘴滴水。见下图做法。

When the height of the brick parapet is low, the coil can be directly laid to the top of the parapet, fixed with metal pins, sealed tightly with sealing material, and dripped with the eagle mouth at the top of the plastering slope. See the following picture.

3、存在问题：

3, there are problems:

屋面水落口处渗漏。

Leakage at the roof of the roof.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）返坡；

1) return to the slope;

2）水落口安装不牢，嵌缝不严，未做密封处理；

2) the water outlet is not firmly installed, and the caulking is not strict.

3）防水层和附加层做法不正确。

3) the waterproof layer and the additional layer are not correct.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

1）水落口安装时位置、标高、坡向要正确。标高不得过高也不宜过低。水落口标高应考虑排水坡度和找平层、保温层、防水层等的厚度；

1) the location, elevation and slope direction should be correct when the water outlet is installed. The elevation should not be too high or too low. The elevation of water entry should consider the thickness of drainage slope, leveling layer, insulation layer and waterproof layer.

2）水落口安装时与女儿墙或屋面板四周应用细石砼（掺膨胀剂）嵌填密实，安装牢固；

2) When the water fall is installed, the fine stone concrete (mixed with expansive agent) is applied to the parapet wall or the surrounding of the roof panel to be compacted and installed firmly.

3）水落口周围直径500mm范围内坡度不应小于5%，水落口与基层接触处，应留宽20mm，深20mm凹槽，嵌填密封材料。见下图

3) The slope should not be less than 5% in the range of 500 mm diameter around the water fall, and the groove with 20 mm width and 20 mm depth should be left at the contact between the water fall and the base layer, and the sealing material should be embedded. See the following figure

4、存在问题：

4, there are problems:

屋面变形缝（双墙变形缝、高低跨度变形缝）处漏水。

Roof deformation joints (double wall deformation joints, high and low span deformation joints) leakage.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）屋面变形缝构造做法未按设计要求施工；

1) the construction method of roof deformation joints is not constructed according to the design requirements.

2）屋面变形缝预制砼压顶板接缝处未用密封材料嵌缝或因抹灰开裂；

2) the roofing joint of the deformation joint is not sealed with sealing material or cracked by plastering.

3）金属压顶板搭接处焊缝开焊。

3) weld the weld of metal top plate lap joint.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

1）屋面变形缝应按设计要求认真施工，同时满足变形及膨胀的要求，见下图；

1) The roof deformation joint should be constructed according to the design requirements, and at the same time meet the requirements of deformation and expansion, see the following figure;

2）预制砼压顶板每块接缝处做好嵌填密封膏，抹灰时做好泛水找坡；

2) the precast concrete roof should be filled with sealing paste at every joint.

3）采用镀锌钢板压顶时，接缝处应卷边搭接或焊接牢固。当变形缝与女儿墙相交处，金属板要交圈。

3) when the galvanized steel plate is pressed, the seam should be lapped or welded firmly. When the deformation joint meets the parapet wall, the metal plate must be crossed.

5、存在问题：

5, there are problems:

伸出屋面管道根部渗漏。

Extend the roof pipe root leakage.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）出屋面管道根部与找平层未留20×20mm凹槽嵌填密封材料；

1) no 20 * 20MM grooves are embedded in the root and leveling layer of the roof pipeline.

2）防水附加层做法不细；

2) the waterproof additional layer is not fine.

3）卷材防水上部收头未加套箍，卷材老化开裂剥离。

3) the coil upper part of the waterproof head is not covered with hoops, and the material is aged, cracked and stripped.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

1）伸出屋面管道周围的找平层应抹成圆锥台，管道与找平层间应留20×20mm凹槽，并用密封材料填塞密实；

1) The leveling layer around the pipeline extending out of the roof should be smeared into a conical platform, and 20 *20mm groove should be left between the pipeline and the leveling layer, and the sealing material should be used to fill the dense groove.

2）管根卷材附加层必须严格按工艺要施工，两层附加层，其中一层的一半剪成条状与基层粘贴，另一半卷上管根部（高度大于250mm），搭接不少于100mm，另一附加层压在锯齿上将缝隙遮挡；

2) The additional layer of the root coil must be constructed strictly according to the technology. One half of the additional layer is cut into strips and pasted with the base layer, the other half of the root of the coil (height greater than 250 mm) is overlapped not less than 100 mm, and the other additional layer is pressed on the sawtooth to shield the gap.

3） 防水卷材收头必须加金属套箍箍紧，并用密封材料封严，见下图。

3) waterproof roll must be secured with metal hoop and sealed with sealing material. See below.

6、存在问题：

6, there are problems:

层面卷材起鼓。

The level of coil is raised.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）卷材防水层粘结不实；

1) the waterproof layer of the coiled material is not bonded properly.

2）在卷材防水层中粘结不实的部位，有水分和气体。水分来源于找平层，现浇找坡层和保温层中含水量过高，当其受阳光照射后体积膨胀而造成卷材鼓泡。

2) there is moisture and gas in the waterproofing layer. Water comes from the leveling layer. The water content in the slope layer and the thermal insulation layer is too high. When it is exposed to sunlight, the volume expands and the coil bubbles.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

1）防水层铺贴前，基层应干净、干燥；

1) before the waterproof layer is laid, the grass roots should be clean and dry.

2）基层干燥有困难时，应采用排气措施。其主要做法：

2) when the grass roots drying is difficult, exhaust measures should be adopted. Its main practice:

a.利用找坡、找平层设置的分格缝作为排汽道，作排汽道时，分格缝适当加宽为30mm，排汽管在分格缝交叉处及找坡最高点，排气口宜设在通风道或女儿墙处，铺设卷材时，分格缝处增一层附加层，宽度宜为100mm，一般将附加层卷材折起，一半与基层点粘，另一半空铺， 这样可充分发挥卷材的抗拉性，延长使用寿命，然后再大面积铺设防水卷材。

A. Use the slots in the grading and leveling layers as the exhaust duct. When the slots are used as the exhaust duct, the slots should be widened to 30 mm. The exhaust pipe should be located at the intersection of the slots and the highest point of the grading. The exhaust outlet should be located at the ventilation duct or parapet wall. When laying coil, an additional layer should be added at the slots with a width of 100 mm. Generally, the additional layer should be rolled up. The material folds up, half sticks to the base layer, and the other half is laid empty. This can give full play to the tensile strength of the coil, extend its service life, and then lay waterproof coil on a large area.

b.排汽道纵横贯通，设置间距宜为6m，并与排气孔相通，排汽孔处应做好防水处理。见下图。

B. The exhaust duct is connected vertically and horizontally with a distance of 6m and is connected with the exhaust vent. Waterproof treatment should be done at the exhaust vent. See the following picture.

7、存在问题：

7, there are problems:

屋面卷材防水层接缝处漏水。

The waterproofing layer of roof coil is leaking at the joint.

原因分析：

Cause analysis:

1）防水卷材铺贴方向或搭接方向不正确；

1) the direction of waterproofing membrane is not correct.

2）防水卷材短边和相邻两幅卷材长、短边接搭宽度不符合要求；

2) the short width of the waterproof coil and the width of the long and short edges of the two adjacent rolls do not meet the requirements.

3）高分子防水卷材搭接部位未采用接缝专用胶粘剂粘合和材料性相溶的密封材料封严。

3) The overlapping parts of polymer waterproofing membrane are not sealed by special adhesive and material-compatible sealing material.

预控措施或方法：

Pre control measures or methods:

1）卷材铺贴方向应按屋面坡度的大小进行铺贴。

1) the direction of coil placement should be paved according to the size of the roof slope.

a.屋面坡度小于3%时，卷材宜平行屋脊铺贴。

When the A. roof slope is less than 3%, the rolls should be paved parallel to the roof.

b.屋面坡

B. roof slope