防水施工要点总结

Summary of key points of waterproof construction

防水工程是建筑工程中非常重要但又易于让人忽视的工程，一般部位的防水做法已相当成熟，但一些特殊部位的防水却是十分讲究，也容易出现问题。

Waterproof engineering is a very important but easy to be ignored project in the construction engineering. The waterproof practice of general parts is quite mature, but the waterproof of some special parts is very particular, and it is easy to have problems.

1

One

电梯井、集水坑防水

Waterproof of elevator shaft and sump

电梯井、积水坑基层阴阳角，必须做成≥ 50mm的圆弧或45°（135°）八字角。

The internal and external angles of the base course of elevator shaft and water pit must be made into an arc of ≥ 50mm or an angle of 45 ° (135 °).

阴阳角、立面内角、外角及施工缝处，均做500mm宽的附加层。

An additional layer of 500mm width shall be built at the internal and external corners of the facade, external corners and construction joints.

电梯井、积水坑斜面的第二层防水卷材，采用带有砂粒的，以便于防水保护层的施工。

The second layer of waterproof membrane on the slope of elevator shaft and ponding pit shall be made of sand to facilitate the construction of waterproof protective layer.

2

Two

外墙后浇带防水

Waterproof of post cast strip for external wall

地下室外墙后浇带在做防水施工前，内侧的卷材保护层先施工。

Before the waterproof construction of basement exterior wall post cast strip, the inner coil protection layer shall be constructed first.

铺贴外墙卷材时，先在预制板外侧铺一层防水加强层，然后大面卷材直接铺过与之盖板。

When the outer wall is paved with the outer wall, the waterproof layer is paved directly with the outer wall.

绑扎墙体钢筋时，用附加筋将止水钢板固定墙体中间。

When binding the wall reinforcement, the water stop steel plate is fixed in the middle of the wall with additional reinforcement.

3

Three

底板后浇带防水

Waterproof of base plate post pouring belt

底板后浇带处先做防水卷材附加层，再大面卷材防水卷材。

The additional layer of waterproof membrane shall be made at the post pouring zone of the bottom plate, and then the large surface waterproof membrane.

在绑扎底板钢筋时，用附加钢筋将橡胶止水带和钢止水带分别固定在底板后浇带的底部和中间。

When binding the bottom plate reinforcement, the rubber water stop belt and the steel water stop belt are fixed at the bottom and middle of the bottom plate post pouring belt with additional reinforcement.

4

Four

外墙防水卷材搭接

Lap joint of waterproof membrane for external wall

铺贴外墙卷材之前，应先将接槎部位的卷材揭开，并将其表面清理干净。

Before paving the external wall coiled material, the coiled material at the joint part shall be uncovered and its surface shall be cleaned.

如卷材有局部损伤，应及时进行修补后方可继续施工。

If the coiled material has local damage, it should be repaired in time before continuing construction.

两层卷材应错槎接缝，错开距离不得小于350㎜，上层卷材应盖过下层卷材。

The joints of two layers of coiled materials shall be staggered, and the staggered distance shall not be less than 350 mm, and the upper layer shall cover the lower layer.

两幅卷材的搭接长度，长边与短边均应不小于100mm。

The lap length of two sheets of coiled materials, long side and short side, shall be no less than 100 mm.

5

Five

外墙散水防水

External wall apron waterproof

防水收口位置，设置在距室外散水150mm处，末端先用3mm×25mm金属压条钢钉固定（间距200mm）。

The waterproof closing position shall be set at the place 150 mm away from the outdoor apron, and the end shall be fixed with 3 mm × 25 mm metal batten steel nails (with a spacing of 200 mm).

用钢钉固定后，再用密封胶将上口密封。散水与外墙之间预留30mm宽的缝隙，采用嵌缝油膏灌严。

After fixing with steel nails, seal the upper mouth with sealant. A 30mm wide gap shall be reserved between the apron and the external wall, which shall be filled tightly with caulking ointment.

6

Six

施工缝止水钢板

Construction joint water stop steel plate

钢板的凹面应朝向迎水面，转角处止水钢板应做成45°角。止水钢板居中布置。

The concave surface of the steel plate shall face the upstream water surface, and the water stop steel plate at the corner shall be made into a 45 ° angle. The water stop steel plate is arranged in the middle.

橡胶止水带及钢板橡胶止水带做法同上。

Rubber waterstop and steel plate rubber waterstop are the same as above.

7

Seven

施工缝止水条

Construction joint water stop

在浇筑混凝土时，在施工缝部位埋植30㎜×10㎜木条，沿墙厚居中留置出宽30㎜、深10㎜通长凹槽。

When pouring concrete, 30 mm × 10 mm wood strips shall be embedded in the construction joint, and a full-length groove with width of 30 mm and depth of 10 mm shall be reserved along the middle of wall thickness.

混凝土接缝前将止水条放入凹槽内，用水泥钉固定。

Before concrete joint, the waterstop shall be placed into the groove and fixed with cement nail.

遇水膨胀止水条应具有缓胀性能，7d膨胀率不应大于低膨胀率的60%。

The water swelling waterstop shall have slow expansion performance, and the 7d expansion rate shall not be greater than 60% of the low expansion rate.

8

Eight

墙体竖向施工缝止水带

Water stop of vertical construction joint of wall

在支设结构模板时，把止水带的中间夹于木模上，同时将木板钉在木模上，并把止水带的翼边用钢丝固定在侧模上。

When erecting the structural formwork, the middle of the waterstop shall be clamped on the wooden formwork, and the wood board shall be nailed on the wooden formwork, and the wing edge of the waterstop shall be fixed on the side formwork with steel wire.

然后浇筑混凝土，待混凝土达到一定强度后，拆除端模，用钢丝将止水带另一翼边固定在侧模上，再浇筑另一侧的混凝土。

Then the concrete is poured. After the concrete reaches a certain strength, the end formwork is removed, and the other wing edge of the waterstop is fixed on the side formwork with steel wire, and then the concrete on the other side is poured.

9

Nine

柔性穿墙管迎水面防水

Water proofing of flexible through wall pipe

在进行大面积防水卷材铺贴前，应先穿好带有止水环的设备管道（止水环外径比套管内径小4mm）,并固定好。

Before paving large area waterproof coiled material, the equipment pipe with water stop ring (outer diameter of water stop ring is 4mm smaller than inner diameter of casing) shall be put through and fixed.

设备管道与套管之间的缝隙，先填塞沥青麻丝，再填塞聚硫密封膏。

The gap between the equipment pipe and the casing pipe shall be filled with asphalt hemp wire first, and then filled with polysulfide sealing paste.

将防水卷材收口，嵌入设备管道与套管之间的缝隙。

The waterproof membrane shall be closed and embedded into the gap between the equipment pipe and the casing pipe.

再用聚硫密封膏灌实，最后做一层矩形加强层防水卷材。

Then fill with polysulfide sealing paste, and finally make a layer of rectangular reinforced waterproof membrane.

穿墙管与内墙角凹凸部位的距离，应大于250mm，管与管的间距应大于300mm。

The distance between through wall pipe and concave convex part of inner wall corner should be more than 250mm, and the distance between pipe and pipe should be more than 300mm.

10

Ten

螺栓孔眼处理

Bolt hole treatment

拆模后将预埋的垫块取出，沿混凝土结构边缘将螺栓割断。

After removing the formwork, take out the embedded cushion block and cut off the bolts along the edge of the concrete structure.

对割断处进行涂刷防锈漆处理后，嵌入防水油膏（嵌入2/3），最后用聚合物砂浆将螺栓眼抹平。

After painting antirust paint on the cut-off part, insert waterproof ointment (embedded in 2 / 3), and finally use polymer mortar to smooth the bolt hole.