How to determine the quality of waterproof material?

（1）“防排结合“防水设防

(1) "anti platoon combination" waterproof fortification

从国际应用情况来看，“防排结合”防水的可靠度较高，但受制于高昂的直接投入、长期的使用维护成本、施工工期较长和持续降水对临近建筑结构稳定性的影响等因素，在国内民用建筑中较少采用，多见于暗挖隧道。

According to the international application, the waterproofing reliability of the combination of prevention and drainage is high, but it is seldom used in civil buildings, especially in tunnels dug in the dark, because of the high direct investment, long-term maintenance cost, long construction period and the influence of continuous precipitation on the stability of nearby buildings.

（2）“雨衣式”防水设防

(2) raincoat type waterproof fortification

国内传统防水设防类似“雨衣式”防水，立足于如何实现防水层的完整性，如强调“搭接”、“交圈”等，力求防水层能做到“天衣无缝”。很显然，忽视防水层与结构层之间是否粘结风险极大，因为防水层一旦出现任何薄弱点，造成地下水在防水层与结构层之间窜流，足以造成防水系统的局部或整体崩溃，这种情况下防水层形同虚设，渗漏数量完全由结构混凝土裂缝数量决定。

Traditional waterproof fortifications in China are similar to "raincoat" waterproofing, which is based on how to achieve the integrity of the waterproof layer, such as emphasizing "overlap" and "circle" to make the waterproof layer "seamless". Obviously, ignoring the bonding risk between the waterproof layer and the structural layer is extremely risky, because the waterproof layer once there is any weakness, causing groundwater to flow between the waterproof layer and the structural layer, enough to cause the local or overall collapse of the waterproof system, in this case the waterproof layer is nothing, the amount of leakage is entirely from the structural concrete. The number of cracks is determined.

在国内地下室底板采用PVC、SBS和EPDM等是最为典型的“雨衣式”防水，其与垫层粘结，与后浇筑混凝土无法粘结，易产生“窜水”现象，该做法存在渗漏率高和长期持续堵漏注浆的弊端。

PVC, SBS and EPDM are the most typical waterproofing methods in basement floor in China. They can not bond with cushion, and can not bond with post-poured concrete. It is easy to cause water leakage. This method has the disadvantages of high leakage rate and long-term continuous grouting.

因此，“雨衣式”防水设防并不适合用于以现浇混凝土为主体的防水工程，更适合用于外露式屋面等工程。

Therefore, the "raincoat" waterproof fortification is not suitable for the waterproof projects with cast-in-place concrete as the main body, more suitable for exposed roof projects.

（3）“预铺反粘”防水设防——“融合”防水体系

(3) "pre laying and anti sticking" waterproofing -- "fusion" waterproofing system

在地下室底板，将具有预铺反粘性能的防水卷材空铺在基面上，然后浇筑结构混凝土，使结构混凝土与卷材实现“融合”防水体系。

In the basement floor, waterproof rolls with pre-laid anti-viscous properties are laid empty on the basement surface, and then structural concrete is poured, so that the structural concrete and rolls realize the "fusion" waterproof system.

防水层存在缺陷的情况下，结构自防水发挥作用，结构混凝土自防水出现结构裂缝的情况下防水层发挥作用，通过防水层与结构混凝土之间的融合，相互弥补之间可能存在的缺陷，从而能极大地降低渗漏概率。在两者的缺陷高度重合的情况下，才会导致渗漏，而这种情况概率极低，退一步来说，即使出现小概率事件，在该部位进行简单泥杆 保定空压机 保定古筝 塑料增韧剂 拱形护坡模具 保定空调维修 托辊设备  托辊生产线的堵漏即可，避免传统做法持续不断的堵漏。

When the waterproof layer is defective, the structure self-waterproof plays a role. When the structure concrete self-waterproof cracks appear, the waterproof layer plays a role. If the two defects overlap highly, it will lead to leakage, and the probability of this situation is extremely low. In a further step, even if there is a small probability of events, a simple plugging can be carried out in this part, to avoid the traditional practice of continuous plugging.

因此不难发现，防水层是否能与结构混凝土有效融合，是决定防水渗漏率高低的关键因素，其应是判定防水材料质量优劣的新标准之一。

Therefore, it is not difficult to find that the effective integration of waterproof layer and structural concrete is the key factor to determine the waterproof leakage rate, which should be one of the new standards to determine the quality of waterproof materials.